Use of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in International Arbitration
Authors
-
Ricardo Vergara Olmos
Universidad de Chile
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2603-8475
Abstract
The technological development has brought many changes in the way that the arbitral process takes place. This article analyzes the impact generated by the use of virtual reality and augmented reality for the production and evaluation of evidence, examining both the benefits and the possible problems that may arise by the implementation of such technology. Within its problems, this article deepens in the alteration of the arbitrator’s role caused by the immersive effect of virtual reality, in the replacement of the judge regarding the interpretation of the fact upon which the simulation is based, and in the costs of using these technologies in international arbitration. Finally, this article gives some recommendations in order to provide for a careful implementation of this technology in the arbitral process.Keywords:
International arbitration, virtual reality, augmented realityReferences
Ai-Lim, E., & Wai, K. (2008). A Review of Using Virtual Reality for Learning. In A. El Rhabili, Transactions on edutainment I (pp. 231-241). Berlin: Springer.
Alcaíno, R., & Cortés, M. (2012). Curso Elemental de Litigación Oral. Santiago: Editorial Jurídica de Chile.
Armstrong, S. (2010). Persuasive Advertising. Evidence-based principles. Chippenham: Palgrave-MacMillan.
Ávalos, E., Camarena, P., & Flores, J. (2014). La realidad virtual, una tecnología innovadora aplicable al proceso de enseñanza de los estudiantes de ingeniería. Apertura, 6(2). Retrieved from http://www.udgvirtual.udg.mx/apertura/index.php/apertura/article/view/547
Bantekas, I. (2015). An Introduction to International Arbitration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Blanco, R., Decap, M., Moreno, L., & Rojas, H. (2005). Litigación Estratégica en el Nuevo Proceso Penal. Santiago: Lexis Nexis.
Böckstiegel, K.-H. (2003). The Role of the Arbitrators in Investment Treaty Arbitration. In A. J. Van den Berg, International Commercial Arbitration: Important Contemporary Questions. La Haya: Kluwer Law International.
Bordalí, A., Cortez, G., & Palomo, D. (2013). Proceso civil. El juicio ordinario de mayor cuantía. Santiago: Thomson Reuters.
Born, G. (2016). International Arbitration: Law and Practice (2° ed.). Londres: Wolters Kluwer.
Brudniy, A., & Demilhanova, A. (2012). The Vritual Reality in a Context of the "Mirror Stage". International Journal of Advances in Psychology, 1, 6-9. Retrieved from http://www.ij-psychol.org/
Burgos, M. Á., Ortega, J. A., & Vera, G. (2003). La realidad virtual y sus posibilidades didácticas. Etic@net, 1-17.
Carey, J., & Fernández, G. (2014). Los costos en el arbitraje. In E. Picand, Estudios de arbitraje en homenaje a Patricio Aylwin Azócar (pp. 163-194). Santiago: Thomson Reuters.
Casarino, M. (2005). Manual de derecho procesal (Derecho Procesal Civil) (6° ed., Vol. III). Santiago: Editorial Jurídica de Chile.
Gilson, S., & Glennerster, A. (2012). High Fidelity Immersive Virtual Reality. In X.-X. Tang, Virtual Reality - Human Computer Interaction (pp. 41-58). Rijeka: InTech.
González de Cossío, F. (2014, Abril 28). Arbitraje deportivo en iberoamérica. Retrieved from González de Cossío Abogados: Publicaciones: http://www.gdca.com.mx/espanol/publicaciones/arbitraje.html
González de Cossío, F. (2014). El prurito del perito. Ius et praxis(45), 207-215.
Gutiérrez, M., Vexo, F., & Thalmann, D. (2008). Stepping into Virtual Reality. Londres: Springer.
Haack, S. (2018). In the Epistemological Spotlight: Epidemiological Evidence in Toxic Torts. In I. C. Procesal, XV Congreso Panameño de Derecho Procesal (pp. 361-378). Chitré: Instituto Colombo Panameño de Derecho Procesal.
International Bar Association. (2019, Septiembre 15). Technology Resources for Arbitration Practitioners. Retrieved from https://www.ibanet.org/technology-resources-for-arbitration-vr-ar.aspx
Vásquez, M. F. (2018). Tratado de arbitraje en Chile. Arbitraje interno e internacional. Santiago: Thomson Reuters.
Wahab, M., & Katsh, E. (2018). Revolutionizing Technologies and the Use of Technology in International Arbitration: Innovation, Legitimacy, Prospects and Challenges. In M. Piers, & C. Aschauer, Arbitration in the Digital Age. The Brave New World of Arbitration (pp. 27-55). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Waincymer, J. (2012). Procedure and Evidence in International Arbitration. Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer.
Wassom, B. (2015). Augmented Reality Law, Privacy and Ethics. Law, Society, and Emerging AR Technologies. Waltham: Elsevier.
Alcaíno, R., & Cortés, M. (2012). Curso Elemental de Litigación Oral. Santiago: Editorial Jurídica de Chile.
Armstrong, S. (2010). Persuasive Advertising. Evidence-based principles. Chippenham: Palgrave-MacMillan.
Ávalos, E., Camarena, P., & Flores, J. (2014). La realidad virtual, una tecnología innovadora aplicable al proceso de enseñanza de los estudiantes de ingeniería. Apertura, 6(2). Retrieved from http://www.udgvirtual.udg.mx/apertura/index.php/apertura/article/view/547
Bantekas, I. (2015). An Introduction to International Arbitration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Blanco, R., Decap, M., Moreno, L., & Rojas, H. (2005). Litigación Estratégica en el Nuevo Proceso Penal. Santiago: Lexis Nexis.
Böckstiegel, K.-H. (2003). The Role of the Arbitrators in Investment Treaty Arbitration. In A. J. Van den Berg, International Commercial Arbitration: Important Contemporary Questions. La Haya: Kluwer Law International.
Bordalí, A., Cortez, G., & Palomo, D. (2013). Proceso civil. El juicio ordinario de mayor cuantía. Santiago: Thomson Reuters.
Born, G. (2016). International Arbitration: Law and Practice (2° ed.). Londres: Wolters Kluwer.
Brudniy, A., & Demilhanova, A. (2012). The Vritual Reality in a Context of the "Mirror Stage". International Journal of Advances in Psychology, 1, 6-9. Retrieved from http://www.ij-psychol.org/
Burgos, M. Á., Ortega, J. A., & Vera, G. (2003). La realidad virtual y sus posibilidades didácticas. Etic@net, 1-17.
Carey, J., & Fernández, G. (2014). Los costos en el arbitraje. In E. Picand, Estudios de arbitraje en homenaje a Patricio Aylwin Azócar (pp. 163-194). Santiago: Thomson Reuters.
Casarino, M. (2005). Manual de derecho procesal (Derecho Procesal Civil) (6° ed., Vol. III). Santiago: Editorial Jurídica de Chile.
Gilson, S., & Glennerster, A. (2012). High Fidelity Immersive Virtual Reality. In X.-X. Tang, Virtual Reality - Human Computer Interaction (pp. 41-58). Rijeka: InTech.
González de Cossío, F. (2014, Abril 28). Arbitraje deportivo en iberoamérica. Retrieved from González de Cossío Abogados: Publicaciones: http://www.gdca.com.mx/espanol/publicaciones/arbitraje.html
González de Cossío, F. (2014). El prurito del perito. Ius et praxis(45), 207-215.
Gutiérrez, M., Vexo, F., & Thalmann, D. (2008). Stepping into Virtual Reality. Londres: Springer.
Haack, S. (2018). In the Epistemological Spotlight: Epidemiological Evidence in Toxic Torts. In I. C. Procesal, XV Congreso Panameño de Derecho Procesal (pp. 361-378). Chitré: Instituto Colombo Panameño de Derecho Procesal.
International Bar Association. (2019, Septiembre 15). Technology Resources for Arbitration Practitioners. Retrieved from https://www.ibanet.org/technology-resources-for-arbitration-vr-ar.aspx
Vásquez, M. F. (2018). Tratado de arbitraje en Chile. Arbitraje interno e internacional. Santiago: Thomson Reuters.
Wahab, M., & Katsh, E. (2018). Revolutionizing Technologies and the Use of Technology in International Arbitration: Innovation, Legitimacy, Prospects and Challenges. In M. Piers, & C. Aschauer, Arbitration in the Digital Age. The Brave New World of Arbitration (pp. 27-55). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Waincymer, J. (2012). Procedure and Evidence in International Arbitration. Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer.
Wassom, B. (2015). Augmented Reality Law, Privacy and Ethics. Law, Society, and Emerging AR Technologies. Waltham: Elsevier.
