Patrones Comerciales en Centroamérica y la República Dominicana:
Autores/as
-
Leonardo Jose Maldonado
University of Minnesota
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9400-3346
Resumen
Este documento revisa datos de comercio internacional, clasificados por intensidad tecnológica y tipo de productos, para identificar hechos estilizados, fortalezas y debilidades de los patrones comerciales en la región de Centroamérica y la República Dominicana, entre 1975 y 2016. El análisis se enfoca en la exportación total de la región y su exportación a los Estados Unidos (principal socio comercial). Se examina la concentración de exportaciones, las ventajas comparativas, la especialización comercial y la calidad relativa de la canasta de exportaciones (caracterizando zonas con altos incentivos fiscales en la región, zonas francas). Se evidencia que la región ha progresado poco en la mejora de su intercambio comercial. Las ganancias en diversificación se están perdiendo, las ventajas comparativas se han mantenido históricamente en las exportaciones tradicionales, y la región no parece exportar calidad al mundo. El modelo de incentivos fiscales no está generando efectos locales, y la calidad relativa de las exportaciones y los patrones de especialización reviven la idea de ajustar los esquemas de promoción para la industria local y la inversión directa. Es hora de una agenda de competitividad.Palabras clave:
ventaja comparativa, exportaciones, zonas francas, manufacturas no tradicionales, calidadReferencias
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Vollrath, T. L. (1991). A theoretical evaluation of alternative trade intensity measures of revealed comparative advantage. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 127(2), 265-280.
Anastassopoulos, G. (2007). Countries’ International Competitiveness and FDI: an empirical analysis of selected EU Member-Countries and Regions. Journal of Economics and Business, 10(1), 35-52.
Atkinson, R. D. (2013). Competitiveness, innovation and productivity. The Information Technology & Innovation Foundation.–August, 2-7.
Balassa, B. (1965). Trade liberalisation and “revealed” comparative advantage 1. The Manchester school, 33(2), 99-123.
Choudhri, E. U., & Schembri, L. L. (2002). Productivity performance and international competitiveness: An old test reconsidered. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, 35(2), 341-362.
Cuevas, M. A., Manzano, O. E., & Rodríguez, C. (2014). Promoviendo la transformación productiva: políticas de desarrollo productivo en Centroamérica y República Dominicana. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
Durand, M., & Giorno, C. (1987). Indicators of international competitiveness: conceptual aspects and evaluation. OECD economic studies, 9(3), 147-182.
Feenstra, R. C., & Romalis, J. (2014). International prices and endogenous quality. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129(2), 477-527.
García-Herrero, A., Dos Santos, E., Urbiola, P., Dal Bianco, M., Soto, F., Hernández, M., Rodríguez, A. & Sánchez, R. (2014). Competitividad del sector manufacturero en América Latina: tendencias y determinantes. Documento de Trabajo, (14/10). BBVA Bank, Economic Research Department.
Giordano, P. (2012). Investing in Integration. Integration and Trade, 34(16).
Izquierdo, A., & Manzano, O. (Eds.). (2012). El mundo cambió: ¿Cambiará el crecimiento en Centroamérica?: Desafíos y oportunidades. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
Kitson, M., Martin, R., & Tyler, P. (2004). Regional competitiveness: an elusive yet key concept? Regional studies, 38(9), 991-999.
Krugman, P. (1994). Competitiveness: a dangerous obsession. Foreign Aff., 73, 28.
Lall, S. (2000). The Technological structure and performance of developing country manufactured exports, 1985‐98. Oxford development studies, 28(3), 337-369.
Mann, C. L. (1999). Is the US trade deficit sustainable? Peterson Institute.
Manzano, O., Auguste, S., Alfaro, L., Artana, D., Taylhardat, A., Cuevas, M., & Porto, L. (2015). Partners or Creditors? Attracting Foreign Investment and Productive Development to Central America and Dominican Republic. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
Manzano, O., & Maldonado, L. (2016), “Weathering the Storm: Policy Options for Central America and the Dominican Republic in an Uncertain Environment,” Macroeconomic Report CID/IADB. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
Porter, M. E. (1990). The competitive advantage of nations. Harvard business review, 68(2), 73-93.
Portugal-Perez, A., & Wilson, J. S. (2012). Export performance and trade facilitation reform: Hard and soft infrastructure. World development, 40(7), 1295-1307.
Schwab, K., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (2017). World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report, 2016-2017. URL: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2016-2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2016-2017_FINAL.pdf
SIECA. (2019). Integración Económica Centroamericana en un Mundo Globalizado. URL: https://bit.ly/2E7latD
Snowdon, B., & Stonehouse, G. (2006). Competitiveness in a globalised world: Michael Porter on the microeconomic foundations of the competitiveness of nations, regions, and firms. Journal of international business studies, 37(2), 163-175.
Utkulu, U., & Seymen, D. (2004, September). Revealed Comparative Advantage and Competitiveness: Evidence for Turkey vis-à-vis the EU/15. In European trade study group 6th annual conference, ETSG (pp. 1-26).
Vollrath, T. L. (1991). A theoretical evaluation of alternative trade intensity measures of revealed comparative advantage. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 127(2), 265-280.
