La Cláusula de Expropiación Indirecta Aclarada en los Recientes TBI Colombianos
Resumen
En respuesta a la crisis del derecho de las inversiones y a las controversias en torno al arbitraje de inversiones, Colombia ha adoptado recientemente varios tratados internacionales de inversión con el fin de limitar la discrecionalidad interpretativa de los tribunales de arbitraje y garantizar el derecho del Estado receptor a regular en aras del interés público. Los recientes TBI colombianos contienen una cláusula de expropiación indirecta clarificada que especifica las condiciones en las que una medida reguladora, adoptada en interés público y que afecta a la inversión extranjera, constituye una expropiación indirecta. Por lo tanto, en respuesta a la incoherencia e imprevisibilidad de la jurisprudencia arbitral, Colombia ha intentado revisar la cláusula de expropiación indirecta para preservar la flexibilidad reglamentaria con el fin de proteger los objetivos de interés público. Sin embargo, un análisis cuidadoso de la práctica arbitral revela que esta respuesta reformista está lejos de ser satisfactoria y hace poco por remediar la debilidad del arbitraje de inversiones. Tras esbozar los antecedentes del surgimiento de la reforma de los tratados colombianos y examinar los detalles de los mismos, este artículo sugiere reforzar la reforma estableciendo líneas claras de interpretación que los árbitros deban seguir.
Palabras clave:
Colombia, Tratado bilateral de inversiones, Tratado de libre comercio, Arbitraje inversor-Estado, Expropriación indirectaReferencias
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